Application Development with Finite Element Method to Calculate Photogeneration Rate and Open-Circuit Voltage of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

Zoltan Varga; Ervin Racz

doi:10.52846/stccj.2022.2.2.39

Authors

Zoltan Varga Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics at Óbuda University
Ervin Racz Department of Natural Sciences at the Institute of Electrophysics, Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Óbuda University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52846/stccj.2022.2.2.39

Keywords:

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, DSSC, Photogeneration rate, Open-Circuit Voltage, Modelling, Numerical Solution

Abstract

Amongst the several alternative resources, renewable energy source (RES) can provide continuous and clean energy. Furthermore, RESs have received a worldwide attention and an outstanding role is attributed to them. The sun energy can be exploited using light energy conversion applications such as photovoltaics. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is third-generation photovoltaic device and a forwardlooking, easily producible solar cell. Nevertheless, buying a commercially available DSSC, datasheet and material information are unavailable. Thus, the purchased DSSC is a black box. The main motivation is that to develop a MatLab application which is able to determine the material information and parameters of the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell from some incoming parameters. The goal of the study is to describe the peration of the developed MatLab application which calculated the photogeneration rate in function of the thickness of the cell, the open-circuit voltage, and to illustrate its operation via an example. The photogeneration rate is solved using the numerical finite element method as a numerical procedure. In our model the Beer-Lambert law is implemented. The model takes into consideration the measured parameters of the light such as photoncount-wavelength spectrum, transmissionwavelength spectrum and irradiation intensity-wavelength spectrum. Furthermore, the open-circuit voltage is an elementary electric parameter of a solar cell.

References

S. J. Davis and K. Caldeira, ‘Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, no. 12, pp. 5687–5692, Mar. 2010.

M.-E. Ragoussi and T. Torres, ‘New generation solar cells: concepts, trends and perspectives’, Chem. Commun., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 3957– 3972, 2015.

S. Perry, J. Klemes, and I. Bulatov, ‘Integrating waste and renewable energy to reduce the carbon footprint of locally integrated energy sectors’, Energy, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1489–1497, Oct. 2008.

J. J. Fierro, A. Escudero-Atehortua, C. Nieto-Londono, M. Giraldo, H. Jouhara, and L. C. Wrobel, ‘Evaluation of waste heat recovery technologies for the cement industry’, International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 7–8, p. 100040, Nov. 2020.

A. K. Pandey, V. V. Tyagi, J. A. Selvaraj, N. A. Rahim, and Sk. K. Tyagi, ‘Recent advances in solar photovoltaic systems for emerging trends and advanced applications’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 53, pp. 859–884, Jan. 2016.

S. Malakar, S. Goswami, B. Ganguli, A. Chakrabarti, S. S. Roy, K. Boopathi, A. G. Rangaraj, Deep-Learning-Based Adaptive Model for Solar Forecasting Using Clustering’, Energies, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 3568, May 2022.

M. Malinowski, J. I. Leon, and H. Abu-Rub, ‘Solar-Photovoltaic and Thermal Energy Systems: Current Technology and Future Trends’, in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 2132–2146, Nov. 2017.

J. Gong, K. Sumathy, Q. Qiao, and Z. Zhou, ‘Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): Advanced techniques and research trends’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 68, pp. 234–246, Feb. 2017.

V. Devabhaktuni, M. Alam, S. Shekara Sreenadh Reddy Depuru, R. C. Green, D. Nims, and C. Near, ‘Solar energy: Trends and enabling technologies’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 555–564, 2013.

K. Sharma, V. Sharma, and S. S. Sharma, ‘Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals and Current Status’, Nanoscale Res Lett, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 381, Dec. 2018.

S. Sharma, Bulkesh Siwach, S. K. Ghoshal, and D. Mohan, ‘Dye sensitized solar cells: From genesis to recent drifts’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 529–537, Apr. 2017.

B. O’Regan and M. Greatzel, ‘A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films’, Nature, vol. 353, no. 6346, pp. 737–740, 1991.

N. Tomar, A. Agrawal, V. S. Dhaka, and P. K. Surolia, ‘Ruthenium complexes based dye sensitized solar cells: Fundamentals and research trends’, Solar Energy, vol. 207, pp. 59–76, Sep. 2020.

M. Kokkonen, P. Talebi, J. Zhou, S. Asgari, S. A. Soomro, F. Elsehrawy, J. Halme, S. Ahmad, A. Hagfeldt, S. G. Hashmi, ‘Advanced research trends in dye-sensitized solar cells’, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 9, no. 17, pp. 10527–10545, 2021

M. Greatzel, ‘Photoelectrochamical cells’, Nature, vol. 414, pp. 338– 344, 2001.

S. Hao, J. Wu, Y. Huang, and J. Lin, ‘Natural dyes as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell’, Solar Energy, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 209–214, Feb. 2006.

M. Hosseinnezhad, K. Gharanjig, M. K. Yazdi, P. Zarrintaj, S. Moradian, M. R. Saeb, F. J. Stadler, ‘Dye-sensitized solar cells based on natural photosensitizers: A green view from Iran’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 828, p. 154329, Jul. 2020.

J. Gong and S. Krishnan, ‘Mathematical modeling of dye-sensitized solar cells’, in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Elsevier, pp. 51–81, 2019.

Z. Varga and E. Racz, ‘A numerical model and a code development for photogeneration rate calculation for a dye sensitized solar cell’ in 2022 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI), Timisoara, Romania, May 2022, pp. 000341–000346.

S. Bose, V. Soni, and K. R. Genwa, ‘Recent advances and future prospects for dye sensitized solar cells: A review’, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 9, Apr. 2015.

F. Schoden, M. Dotter, D. Knefelkamp, T. Blachowicz, and E. Schwenzfeier Hellkamp, ‘Review of state of the art recycling methods in the context of dye sensitized solar cells’ Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3741, Jun. 2021.

S. Soedergren, A. Hagfeldt, J. Olsson, and S.-E. Lindquist, ‘Theoretical models for the action spectrum and the current-voltage characteristics of microporous semiconductor films in photoelectrochemical cells’, J. Phys. Chem., vol. 98, no. 21, pp. 5552–5556, May 1994.

J. Ferber, ‘An electrical model of the dye-sensitized solar cells’, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 53, no. 1–2, pp. 29–54, May 1998.

T. Le Bahers, T. Pauporté, P. P. Lainé, F. Labat, C. Adamo, and I. Ciofini, ‘Modeling dye-sensitized solar cells: From theory to experiment’, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1044–1050, Mar. 2013.

A. Listorti, B. O’Regan, and J. R. Durrant, ‘Electron transfer dynamics in dye-seensitized solar cells’, Chem. Mater., vol. 23, no. 15, pp. 3381–3399, Aug. 2011.

A. Usami, ‘Theoretical simulations of optical confinement in dyesensitized nanocrystalline solar cells’, Solar Energy Materials, p. 11, 2000.

J. Nelson, A. M. Eppler, and I. M. Ballard, ‘Photoconductivity and charge trapping in porous nanocrystalline titanium dioxide’, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 148, np. 1–3, pp. 25–31, May 2002.

Y. Gacemi, A. Chekname, and H. S. Hilal, ‘Simulation and modelling of charge transport in dye-sensitized solar cells based on carbon nanotube electrodes’, Phys. Scr., vol. 87, no. 3, p. 035703, Mar. 2013.

G. Rothenberger, P. Comte, and M. Gra, ‘A contribution to the optical design of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells’, Solar Energy Materials, p. 16, 1999.

M. Onodera, K. Ogiya, A. Suzuki, H. Tsuboi, N. Hatakeyama, A. Endou, H. Takaba, M. Kubo, A. Miyamoto, ‘Modeling of dyesensitized solar cells based on TiO2 electrode structure model’ Japanese Journal of Applied Physics., vol. 49, no. 4, p. 04DP10, Apr. 2010.

A. Muhammad Habieb, M. Irwanto, I. Alkian, F. Khalimatus Sya’diyah, H. Widiyandari, and V. Gunawan, ‘Dye-sensitized solar cell simulation performance using MATLAB’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1025, no. 1, p. 012001, May 2018.

M. R. Mitroi, L. Fara, and M. L. Ciurea, ‘Numerical procedure for optimizing dye-sensitized solar cells’, Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2014, pp. 1–6, 2014.

B. Maldon and N. Thamwattana, ‘Review of diffusion models for charge-carrier densities in dye-sensitized solar cells’, Journal of Physics Communications, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 082001, pp. 1–18, Aug. 2020.

N. Gokilamani, N. Muthukumarasamy, M. Thambidurai, A. Ranjitha, D. Velauthapillai, T. S. Senthil, R. Balasundaraprabhu, ‘Dye-sensitized solar cells with natural dyes extracted from rose petals‘, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 3394–3402, Sep. 2013.

D. Wei, ‘Dye sensitized solar cells’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1103–1113, Mar. 2010.

T. Funaki, M. Yanagida, N. Onozawa-Komatsuzaki, K. Kasuga, Y. Kawanishi, and H. Sugihara, ‘A 2-quinolinecarboxylate-sunstituted ruthenium(II) complex as a new type of sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells’, Inorganica Chimina Acta, vol. 362, no. 7, pp. 2519–25522, May 2009.

A. S. Polo, M. K. Itokazu, and N. Y. Murakami Iha, ‘Metal complex sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells’, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, vol. 248, no. 13–14, pp. 1343–1361, Jul. 2004.

N. Onozawa-Komatsuzaki, M. Yanagida, T. Funaki, K. Kasuga, K. Sayama, and H. Sugihara, ‘Near-IR dye-sensitized solar cells using a new type of ruthenium complexes having 2,6-bis(quinolin-2- yl)pyridine derivatives’, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 310–314, Jan. 2011.

R. A. M. Ali and N. Nayan, ‘Fabrication and analysis of dye-sensitized solar cell using natural dye extracted from dragon fruit’, International Journal of Integrated Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 8, Dec. 2010.

K. A. Aduloju, M. B. Shitta, and S. Justus, ‘Effect of extracting solvents on the stability and performances of dye-sensitized solar cell prepared using extract from lawsonia inermis’, Fundamental J. Modern Physics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 261–268, Oct. 2011.

M. R. Vogt, H. Holst, M. Winter, R. Brendel, and P. P. Altermatt, ‘Numerical Modeling of c-Si PV modules by coupling the semiconductor with the thermal conduction, convection and radiation equations’, Energy Procedia, vol. 77, pp. 215–224, Aug. 2015.

J. Bisquert and I. Mora-Seró, ‘Simulation of steady-state characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells and the interpretation of the diffusion length’, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 450–456, Jan. 2010.

L. Andrade, J. Sousa, H. Aguilar Ribeiro, and A. Mendes, ‘Phenomenological modeling of dye-sensitized solar cells under transient conditions’, Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 781–793, May 2011.